What is Frozen Shoulder?

Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition that causes stiffness, pain, and limited movement in the shoulder joint. It occurs when the connective tissues surrounding the shoulder joint become inflamed and thickened, restricting motion. The condition typically develops gradually and progresses through stages, often lasting months to years if left untreated.

 

Causes of Frozen Shoulder

The exact cause of frozen shoulder is not always clear, but several factors can contribute to its development:

• Injury or Surgery: Shoulder immobilization due to injury, fractures, or post-surgical recovery can lead to stiffness.
• Medical Conditions: Diabetes, thyroid disorders, heart disease, and Parkinson’s disease increase the risk.
• Inflammation: Inflammation of the shoulder joint or surrounding structures can lead to the tightening of the joint capsule.
• Age and Gender: It is more common in individuals between 40 and 60 years old and occurs more frequently in women.

 

Stages of Frozen Shoulder

Frozen shoulder typically progresses through three stages:

1. Freezing Stage:
   • Gradual onset of pain, which worsens over time.
   • Increasing stiffness leading to difficulty in moving the shoulder.
   • Lasts between 6 weeks to 9 months.
2. Frozen Stage:
   • Pain may decrease, but stiffness persists.
   • Shoulder movement becomes severely restricted.
   • Can last from 4 to 12 months.
3. Thawing Stage:
   • Gradual improvement in shoulder movement and reduction in stiffness.
   • Full recovery may take 6 months to 2 years.

 

Symptoms of Frozen Shoulder

Common symptoms include:

• Persistent shoulder pain, especially at night.
• Stiffness that worsens over time.
• Limited range of motion, making daily activities difficult.
• Difficulty reaching overhead or behind the back.

 

Diagnosis of Frozen Shoulder

A healthcare provider will diagnose frozen shoulder based on:

• Physical Examination: Checking range of motion and pain levels.
• Imaging Tests: X-rays or MRI scans to rule out other conditions like arthritis or rotator cuff injuries.

 

Treatment for Frozen Shoulder

Treatment focuses on relieving pain and restoring shoulder mobility. Options include:

1. Non-Surgical Treatments:
   • Physical Therapy: Gentle stretching and strengthening exercises improve flexibility.
   • Pain Management: Anti-inflammatory medications, such as ibuprofen or corticosteroid injections, help reduce pain and swelling.
   • Heat Therapy: Applying heat before exercises can ease stiffness.
2. Surgical Treatments:
   • Manipulation Under Anesthesia (MUA): The shoulder is moved forcefully under anesthesia to break adhesions.
   • Arthroscopic Capsular Release: A minimally invasive surgery where tight shoulder tissues are cut to improve motion.

 

Prevention of Frozen Shoulder

• Regularly move and stretch the shoulder, especially after injuries or surgery.
• Maintain good posture and avoid prolonged immobilization.
• Seek medical attention for early symptoms to prevent worsening.

 

When to See a Doctor

If shoulder pain and stiffness persist despite home treatments, or if it affects daily activities, consult a doctor. Early intervention can prevent long-term immobility and discomfort.