What is Tennis Elbow?

Tennis elbow, or lateral epicondylitis, is a condition that causes pain and inflammation in the tendons connecting the forearm muscles to the outer part of the elbow. Despite its name, tennis elbow is not limited to athletes; it can affect anyone who engages in repetitive arm movements, such as painters, carpenters, and office workers. The condition typically develops due to overuse, leading to tiny tears in the tendons and resulting in pain, weakness, and reduced grip strength.

Causes of Tennis Elbow

Tennis elbow is primarily caused by repetitive stress on the forearm muscles and tendons. Common causes include:

• Repetitive Motions: Activities such as swinging a racquet, typing, or using hand tools can strain the tendons.
• Overuse: Excessive gripping, lifting, or wrist movements can lead to microtears in the tendons.
• Improper Technique: Incorrect form in sports or work-related tasks can increase strain on the elbow.
• Aging: As people age, tendons lose flexibility and become more prone to injury.

Symptoms of Tennis Elbow

The symptoms of tennis elbow typically develop gradually and worsen over time. Common signs include:

• Elbow Pain: A burning or aching sensation on the outer part of the elbow.
• Weak Grip Strength: Difficulty holding objects, shaking hands, or turning doorknobs.
• Wrist and Forearm Discomfort: Pain may extend to the forearm and worsen with activity.
• Stiffness and Tenderness: The affected area may feel tender to the touch, especially in the morning or after activity.

Diagnosis of Tennis Elbow

A healthcare provider diagnoses tennis elbow based on a physical examination and medical history. Diagnostic steps include:

• Physical Exam: Checking for tenderness, pain, and range of motion.
• Resisted Wrist Extension Test: The doctor may ask you to extend your wrist against resistance to assess pain levels.
• Imaging Tests: X-rays, MRI, or ultrasound may be used to rule out other conditions such as arthritis or nerve compression.

Treatment for Tennis Elbow

Most cases of tennis elbow improve with non-surgical treatments. Common approaches include:

• Rest and Activity Modification: Avoiding repetitive motions that aggravate the condition.
• Ice Therapy: Applying ice packs to reduce pain and inflammation.
• Pain Medications: Over-the-counter anti-inflammatory drugs like ibuprofen can provide relief.
• Physical Therapy: Strengthening exercises, stretching, and massage therapy can improve flexibility and reduce strain.
• Bracing or Support: Wearing a forearm brace can help reduce stress on the tendons.
• Corticosteroid Injections: In cases of persistent pain, steroid injections may be recommended to reduce inflammation.

For severe cases that do not respond to conservative treatments, surgical options like tendon debridement or tendon repair may be considered.

Preventing Tennis Elbow

To reduce the risk of developing tennis elbow, consider the following preventive measures:

• Proper Technique: Use correct form in sports and daily activities to minimize strain on the elbow.
• Strength and Flexibility Training: Regular forearm and wrist exercises can improve muscle endurance.
• Ergonomic Adjustments: Modify workstations or tool usage to reduce excessive strain on the wrist and elbow.
• Gradual Progression: Avoid sudden increases in activity levels to prevent overuse injuries.

When to See a Doctor

If elbow pain persists for more than a few weeks, affects daily activities, or worsens despite rest and home care, it is advisable to consult a healthcare provider. Early intervention can prevent further damage and speed up recovery.