Wisdom teeth are the third set of molars located at the back of the mouth. These teeth typically emerge between the ages of 17 and 25. In some cases, wisdom teeth can cause dental issues such as pain, infection, or misalignment. When these problems arise, surgical removal may be necessary.

What is the Surgical Removal of Wisdom Teeth?
Surgical removal of wisdom teeth is a procedure in which one or more of the third molars are extracted from the mouth. The surgery is typically done under local anesthesia, but sedation or general anesthesia may be used depending on the complexity of the extraction and the patient’s preference.

When Is Wisdom Teeth Removal Necessary?

• Impacted Wisdom Teeth: When the wisdom teeth do not emerge properly or remain trapped beneath the gum line.
• Infection or Decay: When the wisdom teeth are decayed or infected and cannot be treated with fillings or antibiotics.
• Pain or Swelling: When the wisdom teeth cause discomfort, swelling, or damage to adjacent teeth.
• Misalignment: When the wisdom teeth disrupt the alignment of surrounding teeth.
• Cyst Formation: When cysts or tumors develop around the wisdom teeth, causing bone damage or infection.

What Happens During the Procedure?

1. Consultation and X-ray: Before the surgery, your dentist will examine your mouth and take X-rays to assess the position of the wisdom teeth.
2. Anesthesia: Local anesthesia is administered to numb the area. Sedation or general anesthesia may be used for more complex extractions or if you are anxious.
3. Incision: The surgeon will make an incision in the gum tissue to access the wisdom teeth.
4. Extraction: If the tooth is impacted, it may be broken into smaller pieces to make removal easier. The tooth is then carefully removed from the jawbone.
5. Stitching: After the tooth is removed, the incision site is stitched closed to promote healing.

How Long Does the Surgery Take?
The surgery typically takes between 30 minutes to an hour, depending on the complexity of the extraction and the number of teeth being removed. If all four wisdom teeth are removed, the procedure may take longer.

Is the Procedure Painful?
While you will be numbed with anesthesia during the procedure, you may experience some discomfort or swelling afterward. The level of pain varies from person to person. Over-the-counter pain medications or prescribed medications can help manage the pain during recovery.

What Are the Risks of Wisdom Teeth Removal?
Like any surgery, there are some risks associated with the removal of wisdom teeth, including:

• Infection at the extraction site
• Nerve damage, which can lead to numbness or tingling in the lips, chin, or tongue (rare)
• Dry socket, which occurs when the blood clot at the extraction site is dislodged
• Bleeding or swelling that persists for an extended period
• Damage to nearby teeth or bone during extraction

What Should I Expect During Recovery?

• Immediately After Surgery: You may experience numbness from the anesthesia, as well as swelling and some bleeding. Applying ice packs to the face can help reduce swelling.
• First Few Days: You will likely experience mild to moderate pain, which can be managed with prescribed medications. You may also have difficulty eating and speaking.
• One Week After Surgery: Swelling should begin to subside, and any stitches may dissolve on their own.
• Two to Four Weeks After Surgery: Complete healing of the gums and jawbone takes time. During this period, follow-up appointments will be scheduled to monitor your recovery.

What Can I Eat After the Procedure?
For the first few days after surgery, stick to soft foods that require minimal chewing, such as:

• Yogurt
• Mashed potatoes
• Applesauce
• Smooth soups
• Ice cream (without hard mix-ins)

Avoid hot, spicy, or crunchy foods that could irritate the extraction site or cause discomfort.

How Long Does It Take to Fully Heal?
The healing process can take anywhere from 1 to 4 weeks, depending on the complexity of the surgery and your body’s ability to heal. Complete healing of the bone and gums may take several months.

What Are the Benefits of Wisdom Teeth Removal?

• Prevents Future Oral Health Issues: Removal can prevent gum disease, cavities, and infections caused by wisdom teeth.
• Reduces Risk of Alignment Problems: Extracting wisdom teeth can help prevent crowding and misalignment of the remaining teeth.
• Relieves Pain and Discomfort: Removing impacted or infected wisdom teeth can provide relief from chronic pain, swelling, and infection.
• Improves Oral Hygiene: Once the wisdom teeth are removed, it becomes easier to maintain oral hygiene and prevent decay.

How Can I Prevent Complications?
To reduce the risk of complications, follow these guidelines:

• Avoid smoking, as it can delay healing and increase the risk of infection.
• Keep the extraction area clean by gently rinsing with salt water.
• Follow your dentist’s instructions for post-surgery care, including prescribed pain medications and antibiotics.
• Rest and avoid strenuous physical activities during the recovery period.